Leaders and project professionals are constantly challenged with solving problems—often big ones. But what separates the most effective problem solvers from the rest is their ability to reframe problems in ways that unlock novel solutions. The process of reframing moves beyond traditional problem-solving approaches, encouraging leaders to think more broadly and strategically by mapping out a solution matrix—a structured way of viewing a challenge from multiple perspectives.
Why Reframing Matters in Problem Solving
Reframing is about shifting your perspective. When you’re stuck on a problem, it’s often because you’re approaching it in a limited or narrow way. By taking a step back and looking at the issue from a different angle, you can discover new ways to tackle it. This is where reframing becomes crucial—helping you shift from simply reacting to a problem, to seeing it as an opportunity for innovation.
A study published in the Harvard Business Review highlights the power of reframing in decision-making. The researchers found that teams who reframed their initial problem definitions saw a 20% increase in their ability to identify creative solutions. The key to this success was diversifying their perspectives early in the problem-solving process.
Breaking Down Problems with the Solution Matrix
The Solution Matrix is a framework that enables you to systematically break down a problem into components and map out potential solutions across multiple dimensions. Instead of jumping to conclusions or locking yourself into a single solution path, this approach provides a wider range of possibilities, encouraging deeper analysis.
Here’s how to create a solution matrix in practice:
1. Clarify the Problem Statement
Before diving into a solution matrix, you must first clarify the problem you are dealing with. Many times, problems are poorly defined or based on assumptions, leading to ineffective solutions. Use the 5 Whys technique to dig deeper into the root cause.
Example:
If a project consistently misses deadlines, ask “Why?” repeatedly:
- Why is the project delayed? Because the team misses milestones.
- Why are milestones missed? Because dependencies are not tracked.
- Why are dependencies not tracked? Because there’s no system in place to manage them.
This will help in accurately framing the actual issue, such as “Lack of a dependency management system,” rather than the symptom of “missed deadlines.”
2. Identify the Variables
Once you have a clear problem statement, start identifying the variables that are relevant to the problem. In project management, these could be:
- Scope
- Time
- Resources
- Stakeholder expectations
Each of these variables has potential solutions, and reframing these variables into a matrix allows you to see how they interact and where leverage points might exist. For example, a lack of resources might lead you to explore solutions related to automation or outsourcing.
3. Map Out Solutions Across Dimensions
Next, you’ll create your matrix. Each axis represents a variable, and within the grid, you will explore different strategies to address each combination of variables. This multi-dimensional approach broadens the problem-solving space.
| Variables | Time Constraints | Resource Constraints | Communication Gaps |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solution A | Add buffer time | Increase training | Set clear milestones |
| Solution B | Reduce scope | Automate tasks | Use real-time dashboards |
| Solution C | Reprioritize tasks | Outsource critical tasks | Assign team liaisons |
Example:
In the matrix above, Solution A addresses time, resource, and communication constraints by adding buffer time, increasing training, and setting clear milestones. Solution B focuses on reducing scope and automating tasks, while Solution C prioritizes outsourcing and creating communication bridges.
By filling in this matrix, you begin to reframe the problem from a single issue to a multi-dimensional opportunity for resolution.
4. Assess and Prioritize Solutions
Not all solutions are created equal. Use a Cost-Benefit Analysis or Eisenhower Matrix (Urgent vs. Important) to prioritize solutions from your matrix. This ensures that you invest time in the options with the highest potential for impact and feasibility.
For example, if a solution like outsourcing is high on impact but low on resources, it might be prioritized over introducing new technology that could take months to implement.
5. Test and Iterate
Once a solution is selected, test it in a controlled environment before a full-scale rollout. Use Agile or Lean methodologies, which emphasize continuous iteration and feedback. This allows you to quickly identify what works and what doesn’t, further refining your solution.
Reframing in Action: Real-World Examples
1. NASA and the Apollo 13 Mission
One of the most famous examples of reframing a problem came during NASA’s Apollo 13 mission. When an oxygen tank exploded, NASA’s ground team had to solve the life-or-death challenge of getting the astronauts back safely. Instead of focusing only on the problems caused by the explosion, they reframed the problem to what they still had control over—power, limited resources, and the return trajectory. By reframing the problem, NASA engineers were able to design a solution using only what was available in the spacecraft.
2. Toyota’s Lean Manufacturing System
Toyota’s Lean Manufacturing system is built on the principle of reframing problems. In their process, any worker on the production line can halt production to identify and fix problems on the spot. This reframing of problems from “delays” to “improvement opportunities” created one of the most efficient manufacturing systems in the world. Toyota’s focus on continuous improvement (Kaizen) encourages constant reframing of problems to seek efficiency gains and reduce waste.
3. Netflix and Strategic Pivoting
Netflix started as a DVD rental-by-mail company but recognized that its business model was becoming outdated. Instead of focusing on the shrinking DVD market, Netflix reframed the problem into a bigger opportunity: How can we deliver entertainment to people in an increasingly digital world? This reframing led to their current streaming model and original content production, positioning them as a leader in the entertainment industry.
Practical Frameworks for Reframing Problems
There are several established frameworks that can help leaders and project professionals in reframing problems:
1. SWOT Analysis
SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) helps in reframing a problem by analyzing it from both internal and external perspectives. This framework encourages you to look for solutions that maximize strengths and opportunities while mitigating weaknesses and threats.
2. SCAMPER Technique
The SCAMPER (Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to another use, Eliminate, Reverse) technique encourages creative thinking by asking different questions about an existing problem. For example:
- What can we substitute in the current process to improve efficiency?
- How can we adapt a solution from another industry to our own?
3. Fishbone Diagram
Also known as the Ishikawa diagram, this framework helps to visually break down problems into causes and effects. By identifying the root causes of a problem, you can begin to explore potential solutions in a systematic way.
Conclusion
The ability to reframe problems into a solution matrix is an invaluable skill for leaders and project professionals. It transforms the way you approach challenges, encouraging a deeper exploration of potential solutions and a broader perspective on problem-solving. By using frameworks such as the 5 Whys, SWOT analysis, and SCAMPER, you can effectively break down problems, map out strategies, and implement high-impact solutions that drive success.
To stay ahead in today’s competitive landscape, embrace the art of reframing and make it a central part of your problem-solving toolkit.